Conditional

What is the conditional in English?

The conditional expresses what would happen under certain conditions. It’s formed with would + base verb.

UseExample
Hypothetical resultI would go if I had time.
Polite requestWould you help me?
Reported speechShe said she would call.
Past habit (informal)As a kid, I would play outside.
Wish or desireI would love a coffee.

English conditional examples

SentenceUse
I would help if I could.hypothetical
She would go if she had money.hypothetical
Would you pass me the salt?polite request
He said he would be there.reported speech
I would love to travel.desire
We would call, but it’s too late.hypothetical
Would you like some water?polite offer
They would always argue.past habit
I would do it differently.hypothetical
She would have told you.hypothetical past

How Spanish expresses the conditional

Spanish has a dedicated conditional tense — a single set of endings added to the full infinitive. It uses the same irregular stems as the simple future.

SubjectEnding
yo-ía
-ías
él/ella/usted-ía
nosotros-íamos
vosotros-íais
ellos/ustedes-ían

The conditional endings look like the imperfect -er/-ir endings. Don’t confuse them — the conditional attaches to the full infinitive, the imperfect to the stem.


Regular conditional: hablar (to speak)

SubjectFormEnglish
yohablaríaI would speak
hablaríasyou would speak
él/ellahablaríahe/she would speak
nosotroshablaríamoswe would speak
vosotroshablaríaisyou all would speak
elloshablaríanthey would speak

Regular conditional in sentences

SpanishEnglish
Yo hablaría más si practicara.I would speak more if I practiced.
Ella comería sushi si pudiera.She would eat sushi if she could.
Ellos vivirían aquí si quisieran.They would live here if they wanted to.
Nosotros trabajaríamos desde casa.We would work from home.
¿Tú vendrías a la fiesta?Would you come to the party?
Él estudiaría más si tuviera tiempo.He would study more if he had time.
Yo llamaría, pero no tengo su número.I would call, but I don’t have their number.
¿Podrías ayudarme?Could you help me? (polite request)
Sería mejor esperar.It would be better to wait.
¿Te gustaría un café?Would you like a coffee?

Irregular conditional stems

The same 10 irregular stems as the simple future — just add conditional endings instead.

InfinitiveIrregular stemyo form
tenertendr-tendría
venirvendr-vendría
ponerpondr-pondría
salirsaldr-saldría
poderpodr-podría
quererquerr-querría
sabersabr-sabría
haberhabr-habría
hacerhar-haría
decirdir-diría

Irregular conditional in sentences

SpanishEnglish
Yo tendría más tiempo si no trabajara tanto.I would have more time if I didn’t work so much.
Ella vendría si la invitaras.She would come if you invited her.
¿Dónde pondrías el escritorio?Where would you put the desk?
Nosotros saldríamos antes.We would leave earlier.
Yo podría ayudarte.I could help you.
Ella querría saber.She would want to know.
¿Sabrías qué hacer?Would you know what to do?
Habría mucho tráfico.There would be a lot of traffic.
Yo haría lo mismo.I would do the same.
Él diría la verdad.He would tell the truth.

Common conditional structures

Hypothetical: si (if) + imperfect → conditional

Si clause (imperfect)Result clause (conditional)English
Si tuviera dinero,viajaría por el mundo.If I had money, I would travel the world.
Si fuera tú,llamaría ahora.If I were you, I would call now.
Si pudiera,dormiría más.If I could, I would sleep more.
Si supiera la respuesta,te la diría.If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
Si viviera cerca,vendría todos los días.If I lived nearby, I would come every day.

Polite requests with the conditional

SpanishEnglish
¿Podría hablar más despacio?Could you speak more slowly?
¿Me traería agua, por favor?Could you bring me water, please?
¿Sería posible cambiar la fecha?Would it be possible to change the date?
¿Querría usted firmar aquí?Would you like to sign here?
¿Le importaría esperar?Would you mind waiting?

Common mistakes

  • ❌ Using would constructions incorrectly: si tengo dinero, viajo for hypothetical → ✅ si tuviera dinero, viajaría (imperfect + conditional for hypotheticals)
  • ❌ Confusing conditional endings (-ía) with imperfect (-ía on stem) → ✅ conditional adds to the full infinitive: hablaría not hablía
  • ❌ Irregular stems forgotten: haría written as hacería → ✅ haría (stem: har-)

Summary

  • The conditional expresses “would” — hypotheticals, polite requests, desires
  • Endings attach to the full infinitive: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían
  • Same 10 irregular stems as the simple future: tendr-, vendr-, har-, dir-, etc.
  • Hypothetical structure: si + imperfect (condition) → conditional (result)

See also: Future Tense — uses the same irregular stems.
See also: Future & Conditional Tables — all forms at a glance.